During colonial times, Guanajuato was consolidated as one of the most important mining centres in New Spain. The mineral wealth of the region, especially silver, attracted settlers and traders seeking to exploit its resources. In the 18th century, Guanajuato became the main source of silver for the Spanish crown, contributing significantly to the colonial economy. Mines such as Valenciana and Rayas were notorious for their massive production of precious metals. This mining boom brought with it an accelerated urban growth, evidenced by the construction of imposing haciendas, temples and colonial buildings that still survive today. However, the exploitation of resources also came at a high human cost, with indigenous and mestizo workers facing difficult conditions. The wealth generated by mining not only shaped Guanajuato's architecture and culture, but also laid the foundation for its identity as a leading historical and cultural centre in Mexico.