Perched on the banks of the Necker River beneath the castle, Heidelberg’s Altstadt oozes medieval German charm. The area’s early inhabitants include the “Heidelberg Man,” whose prehistoric jaw was found nearby, as well as Romans and Celts. The Old Town represents Heidelberg’s heritage as one of the most important centers of medieval Germany. Walk along streets dotted with traditional half-timber houses and elaborate civic architecture from the last thousand years.

Start your Heidelberg visit in the Marktplatz, which features biweekly markets and bustling cafés. Get away from city throngs inside the Heidelberg Church of the Holy Spirit, with a distinctive pink sandstone exterior. The church has experienced many religious and political changes over the centuries. Wander into the surrounding streets to find the Kurpfälzisches Museum, which the story of the city from pre-history to today.

Be sure to visit the university. Founded in 1386, it has defined the city’s cultural life for more than 600 years. Marvel at the elaborate façade of the Universitätsbibliothek, one of the most used libraries in Germany then decipher the generations of graffiti that adorn the Student Jail once used for corralling carousing students. As daylight dims, walk or ride the funicular railway up to Heidelberg Castle, a picturesque ruin with amazing views of the whole area.

Heidelberg’s Altstadt is the center of the city, easily accessible from all the major transit hubs. Drive from the city’s central station in under 10 minutes or take a bus in about 15 minutes. Frankfurt Airport, one of Europe’s largest, is an hour away by train or car. The Necker is often trafficked by river tours that explore the whole region. The small streets are largely closed to car traffic and parking is hard to find, so it is best to explore on foot.

Before you leave Altstadt, stop at the Old Bridge and rub the Brass Monkey’s fingers. According to tradition, this will ensure your return to Heidelberg.